Thursday, December 5, 2013

List of expeditions of Hz. Muhammad

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_expeditions_of_Muhammad

Key/Legend
      Sariyyah (expeditions which he ordered but did not take part (73))       Ghazwah (expeditions which he ordered and took part (27))
No.NameDateMuhammad's order and reason for expeditionCasualties DescriptionNotable Primary sources
1Al Is Caravan Raid623 [1][2][3][4]Raid Quraysh caravan to relieve themselves from poverty[5]
2Batn Rabigh Caravan Raid623 [1][2][3][6]Raid Quraysh caravan to relieve themselves from poverty[4][5]
  • None, caravan left [2]
3Kharar Caravan RaidMay & June 623 [1][2][3][4][8]Attack a Quraysh caravan[4]
  • None, caravan left[2]
4Invasion of WaddanAugust 623 [8][9]Attack a Quraysh caravan which included camels[4][8]
  • Unknown
5Invasion of BuwatOctober 623 [11][12]Raid a Quraysh caravan which included 200 camels[13][14]
  • None, caravan left [2]
6Invasion of Dul AshirDecember 623 [15]Attack a Quraysh caravan[6]
7Invasion of Safwan623 [15]To pursue Kurz bin Jabir Al-Fihri who led a small group that looted Muhammad's animals[13]
  • None, enemy escaped [13]
8Nakhla RaidJanuary 624[15]Attack a Quraysh caravan and gather information[6][18]
  • Muslims: 0 Casualties
  • Non-Muslims: 1 killed, 2 captured [18]
9Battle of BadrMarch 624 [22]Raid a Quraysh caravan carrying 50,000 gold Dinars guarded by 40 men, and to further Muslim political, economic and military position[23]
  • Muslims: 14 killed
  • Non-Muslims: 70 killed, 30-47 captured[24]
10Assassination of Asma bint MarwanJanuary 624 [28]Kill 'Asma' bint Marwan for opposing Muhammad with poetry and for provoking others to attack him[29]
  • Asma' bint Marwan assassinated[27]
11Assassination of Abu AfakFebruary 624 [31]Kill Abu Afak for opposing Muhammad through poetry[30]
  • Abu Afak assassinated[30]
12Invasion of Sawiq624 [34]Pursue Abu Sufyan for killing 2 Muslims and burning a corn field[35]
  • 2 Muslims killed[35]
13Invasion of Banu QaynuqaFebruary 624 [38]Attack the Banu Qaynuqa Jews for allegedly breaking the treaty known as the Constitution of Medina[39] by pinning the clothes of a Muslim woman, which lead to her being stripped naked[40]
  • Unknown, some revenge killings[40]
14Al Kudr InvasionMay 624 [47]Surprise attack on the Banu Salim tribe for allegedly plotting to attack Medina[48]
  • Unknown
15Invasion of Thi AmrSeptember 624 [50][51]Raid the Banu Muharib and Banu Talabah tribes after he received intelligence that they were allegedly going to raid the outskirts of Medina[52]
  • 1 captured by Muslims[52]
16Assassination of Ka'b ibn al-AshrafSeptember 624 [54]According to Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad ordered his followers to kill Ka'b because he "had gone to Mecca after Badr and inveighed against Muhammad. He also composed verses in which he bewailed the victims of Quraysh who had been killed at Badr. Shortly afterwards he returned to Medina and composed amatory verses of an insulting nature about the Muslim women".[55][56]
  • Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf assassinated[56]
17Invasion of Bahran624 [57]Raid the Banu Sulaym tribe,[58] no reason given in primary sources ( Possibly a continuation of the previous war)
18Nejd Caravan Raid624 [57]Intercept and capture Quraysh caravan and its goods[57]
  • 3 captured by Muslims(including guide) [57]
19Expedition of 'Abdullah ibn 'AtikDecember 624 [62]Kill Abu Rafi' ibn Abi Al-Huqaiq for mocking Muhammad with his poetry and for helping the troops of the Confederates by providing them with money and supplies[63]
  • Abu Rafi assassinated[63]
20Battle of UhudMarch 23 625 [66][67]Defend against Quraysh attack[68]
  • Muslims: 70 killed
  • Non-Muslims: 22 or 37 Killed[68]
21Invasion of Hamra al-AsadMarch 625[72]Prevent Quraysh attack on weakened Muslim army[73]
  • Muslims: 2 spies killed
  • Non-Muslims: 3 beheaded, 3 captured[73]
22Expedition of QatanJune 625 [72]Attack Banu Asad bin Khuzaymah tribe after receiving intelligence that they were allegedly plotting to attack Medina[75]
  • 3 captured by Muslims[76]
23Expedition of Abdullah Ibn Unais625 [77]Kill Khalid bin Sufyan, because there were reports he considered an attack on Madinah and that he was inciting the people on Nakhla or Uranah to fight Muslims[77]
  • Khalid ibn Sufyan assassinated[77]
24Expedition of Al Raji625 [82]Some men requested that Muhammad send instructors to teach them Islam,[82] but the men were bribed by the two tribes of Khuzaymah who wanted revenge for the assassination of Khalid bin Sufyan by Muhammad's followers[83]
25The Mission of Amr bin Umayyah al-Damri627 [87]Amr bin Umayyah al-Damri sent to assassinate Abu Sufyan[88]
  • 3 polytheists killed by Muslims[88]
  • Tabari, Volume 7, The foundation of the community[89]
26Expedition of Bir MaonaJuly 625 [90]Muhammad sends Missionaries at request of some men from the Banu Amir tribe,[91] but the Muslims are killed as revenge for the assassination of Khalid bin Sufyan by Muhammad's followers[83]
  • 70 Muslims killed[91]
27Invasion of Banu NadirAugust 625 [94]Muslim scholars (like Mubarakpuri) claim, the Banu Nadir were attacked because the Angel Gabriel told Muhammad that some of the Banu Nadir wanted to assassinate him.[95] Watt contends it was in response to the tribe’s criticism of Muhammad and doubts they wanted to assassinate Muhammad. He says "it is possible that the allegation was no more than an excuse to justify the attack".[96]
  • Unknown
28Expedition of Dhat al-RiqaOctober 625[100] or 627[98]Attack the Banu Ghatafan tribe, because he received news that they were assembling at Dhat al-Riqa with a suspicious purpose
  • Many women captured by Muslims[101]
29Invasion of BadrJanuary 626[84] or March 625[87][103]Attack the Quraysh led by Abu Sufyan, both sides were preparing to fight each other again at Badr[104]
30Invasion of Dumatul JandalJuly 626 [107]Invade Duma, because Muhammad received intelligence that some tribes there were involved in highway robbery and preparing to attack Medina itself[108]
  • None, Ghatafan tribe flees[108]
31Battle of the TrenchFebruary 627 [111]Muhammad orders Muslims to defend Medina from attack, after Banu Nadir and Banu Qaynuqa tribes form an alliance with the Quraysh to attack him as revenge for expelling them from Medina[112][113]
  • Muslims: light casualties
  • Non-Muslims: extremely heavy casualties[114]
32Invasion of Banu QurayzaFebruary–March 627 [116]Attack Banu Qurayza because according to Muslim tradition he had been ordered to do so by the angel Gabriel.[117][118][119][120][121][122] Al-Waqidi claims Muhammad had a treaty with the tribe which was torn apart. Stillman and Watt deny the authenticity of al-Waqidi.[123] Al-Waqidi has been frequently criticized by Muslim writers, who claim that he is unreliable.[124][125]
  • Muslims: 2 killed[117]
  • Non-Muslims:
  1. 600-900 beheaded (Tabari, Ibn Hisham)
    [117][118][126]
  2. All Males and 1 woman beheaded
    (Sunni Hadith)[127][128]
33Expedition of Muhammad ibn MaslamahJune 627 [132]Attack Bani Bakr sept for booty/spoils[133][134][135]
34Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan627 [137]Attack Banu Assad bin Qhuzayma tribe to capture booty/spoils[137][138]
  • None, Banu Asad tribe flees[139]
35First Raid on Banu ThalabahAugust 627 [84][87][140]Attack the Banu Thalabah tribe, because he suspected they would be tempted to steal his camels[139]
36Second Raid on Banu ThalabahAugust 627 [84][87][140]Attack the Banu Thalabah tribe, as revenge for the 1st failed raid on them in which 9 Muslims died[139]
  • 1 injured man captured by Muslims[139]
37Invasion of Banu LahyanSeptember 627 [84][87]Attack the Banu Lahyan tribe to get revenge for the killing of 10 Muslims in the Expedition of Al Raji[139]
  • None, Banu Lahyan tribe flees[139]
38Raid on al-Ghabah627[145]No orders given by Muhammad, Amr ibn al-Akwa attacks Uyanah bin Hisn Al-Fazari after seeing him seize 20 of Muhammad's camels[145]
  • 1 Muslim shepherd killed, and his wife captured[145]
39Expedition of Dhu QaradSeptember 627 [84][87]To attack a group of men led by Uyanah bin Hisn Al-Fazari, who raided the outskirts of the Medina; and seized 20 of Muhammad's milch camels[146]
  • Muslims: 4 killed
  • Non-Muslims: 4 Killed [147]
40Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Al-Jumum)627 [139]To raid al-Jumum and capture booty/spoils[149]
  • Some captured by Muslims[139]
41Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Al-Is)September 627 [151]Attack Quraysh caravan and loot their camels[139][152]
42Third Raid on Banu Thalabah627 [87]To raid Banu Thalabah and capture their camels as booty[153]
  • None, Banu Thalabah tribe flees[153]
43Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Hisma)October 627 [87]Attack robbers who attacked Muhammad's envoy, Dhiyah bin Khalifah al-Kalbi[155]
  • Heavy casualties inflicted, 100 women and boys captured by Muslims[155]
44Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Wadi al-Qura)December 627 [157]Survey the area and to monitor the movements of the enemies of Muhammad[153]
45Invasion of Banu MustaliqDecember 627 [87]Attack Banu Mustaliq because Muhammad received some rumours that the Banu Mustaliq were preparing to attack him.[159] The Banu Mustaliq also believed that Muhammad was preparing to attack them, both sides sent spies to confirm the reports, but the Banu Mustaliq spy was killed by Muslims, and then Muhammad told his followers to prepare for war[160]
  • Muslims: 1 killed
    (friendly fire)
  • Non-Muslims: 10 killed, 200 families taken captive[160][161]
46Expedition of Abdur Rahman bin AufDecember 627 [87]700 men sent to get the Christian king Al-Asbagh and his people to convert to Islam within 3 days or pay Jizyah[163][164]
47Expedition of Fidak627 [87]Attack the Bani Sa‘d bin Bakr tribe, because Muhammad received intelligence they were planning to help the Jews of Khaybar[167]
  • 1 captured by Muslims, rest of tribe flees[168]
48Second Expedition of Wadi al-QuraJanuary 628 [87]Raid the inhabitants of Wadi al-Qura for revenge, because a number of Muslims were killed when they tried to raid the inhabitants previously, but failed[169]
  • 30 horsemen,[170] and 1 women killed by Muslims[171]
  • Many captured by Muslims[171]
49Expedition of Kurz bin Jabir Al-FihriFebruary 628 [87]Capture 8 men who came to him to convert to Islam, but then killed one Muslim and drove off with Muhammad's camels[172]
  • Muslims: 1 killed
  • Non-Muslims: 8 tortured to death[172][173]
50Expedition of Abdullah ibn RawahaFebruary 628 [87]Kill Al-Yusayr ibn Rizam because Muhammad heard that his group was preparing to attack him[175][176]
51Treaty of HudaybiyyahMarch 628 [179]March to Mecca to perform the lesser pilgrimage (Umrah)[180]
  • None
52Conquest of FidakMay 628 [182]To force the Jews of Fidak to surrender their properties and wealth(accepting his terms) or be attacked[130]
  • None
53Battle of KhaybarMay/June 628 [185]To attack the Jews of Khaybar for booty to distribute to his followers whose expectations had recently been disappointed (according to Watt)[186]
  • Muslims: 16-18 killed
  • Jews: 93 killed[187]
54Third Expedition of Wadi al QuraMay 628 [182]Attack the Jews of Wadi al Qura to conquer their land[190]
55Expedition of Umar ibn al-KhatabDecember 628 [87]Attack Banu Hawazin for booty[192]
56Expedition of Abu Bakr As-SiddiqDecember 628 [87]Attack the Banu Kilab tribe[193]
  • Many killed[193]
    (at least 7 families killed[194]) by Muslims
57Expedition of Bashir Ibn Sa’d al-Ansari (Fadak)December 628 [196]Attack for Banu Murrah tribe to capture booty [197][198]
  • Muslims: 29 killed,[176] Bashir wounded[199]
  • Non-Muslims: large amount killed[176]
58Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laithi (Mayfah)January 629 [196]Attack the Banu ‘Awâl and Banu Thalabah tribes to capture booty (camels and flock)[200]
  • Some killed by Muslims[176]
59Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laithi (Fadak)May 629[203]Attack the Banu Murrah as revenge for the killing of Muslims in a failed raid carried out by Muslims[204]
  • Everyone who came into contact with Muslims were killed[204]
60Expedition of Bashir Ibn Sa’d al-Ansari (Yemen)February 629 [196]Attack a large group of polytheists who Muhammad believed gathered to raid the outskirts of Madinah[176]
  • 1 killed, 2 captured by Muslims[206]
61Expedition of Ibn Abi Al-Awja Al-SulamiApril 629[203]50 men sent to demand the allegiance of the Banu Sualym tribe to Islam[207]
62Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laithi (Al-Kadid)May 629 [203]To raid the Banu al-Mulawwih tribe for booty[176][205]
  • Large amount killed,[176] and 1 captured by Muslims[205]
63Raid on Banu LaythJune 629 [116]Attack Banu Layth, camels plundered[204]
  • N/A
  • N/A
64Expedition of Shuja ibn Wahb al-AsadiJune 629 [203]Raid the Banu Amir tribe to plunder camels for booty[210][211]
  • Unknown
65Expedition of Ka’b ibn 'Umair al-GhifariJune 629 [203]Attack Banu Quda‘a tribe because Muhammad received intelligence that they had gathered a large number of men to attack the Muslim positions[208]
  • 14 Muslims killed, 1 wounded[208]
66Battle of Mu'tahAugust 629 [203]Raid the inhabitants of Mut'ah, because one of Muhammad's messenger was killed by the chief of Ma’ab or Mu’tah[214]
  • Muslims: 12 killed
  • Non-Muslims: Unknown[214]
67Expedition of Amr ibn al-AsSeptember 629 [216]To subjugate the Banu Qudah tribe, and incite the tribes friendly to Muhammad to attack them, because of a rumour that the Banu Qudah were preparing to attack Medina and to improve Muslim prestige[217][218]
  • None, Qudah tribe flees[219]
68Expedition of Abu Ubaidah ibn al JarrahOctober 629 [220]Attack the tribe of Juhaynah and raid a caravan[221][222][223]
  • None, caravan flees[223]
69Expedition of Abi Hadrad al-Aslami629 [224][225]To kill Rifa’ah bin Qays, because Muhammad heard they were allegedly enticing the people people of Qais to fight him[225]
  • 1 beheaded,[226] 4 women captured by Muslims[227]
70Expedition of Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansari (Khadirah)November[229] or Dec 629[221]Attack the Ghatafan tribe because he heard that they were amassing troops and were still outside the "domain of Islam"[230]
  • Some killed, some captured by Muslims[230]
71Expedition of Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansari (Batn Edam)December 629 [229]To divert the attention from his intention of attacking Mecca, he despatched 8 men to attack a caravan passing through Edam[232]
72Conquest of MeccaDecember 629 [229]To Conquer Mecca[236]
  • 5 killed by Muslims:[237]
  1. Abdullah b. Khatal[238]
  2. Fartana (slave girl)[239]
  3. Huwayrith b. Nafidh[237]
  4. Miqyas b. Subabah[237]
  5. Harith b. Talatil[237]
73Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Nakhla)December 629 [241]To destroy al-Uzza because Muhammad wanted "the submission of neighbouring tribes"[242] and wanted to eliminate "symbols reminiscent of pre-Islamic practices"[243]
74Raid of Amr ibn al-AsDecember 629 [241]To destroy Suwa because Muhammad wanted "the submission of neighbouring tribes"[242] and wanted to eliminate "symbols reminiscent of pre-Islamic practices"[243]
75Raid of Sa'd ibn Zaid al-AshhaliDecember 629 [241]To destroy Manat because Muhammad wanted "the submission of neighbouring tribes"[242] and wanted to eliminate "symbols reminiscent of pre-Islamic practices"[243]
  • 1 women killed by Muslims[243]
76Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Banu Jadhimah)January 630 [241]Invite the Banu Jadhimah tribe to Islam[249]
  • Entire tribe taken prisoner, portion executed[249][250]
77Battle of HunaynJanuary 630 [241]To attack the people of Hawazin and Thaqif for refusing to surrender to Muhammad and submit to Islam because "they thought that they were too mighty to admit or surrender" after the Conquest of Mecca[254]
  • Muslims: 5 killed[255]
  • Non-Muslims: 70 killed,[254] 6000 women and children captured[256]
78Expedition of At-Tufail ibn 'Amr Ad-DausiJanuary 630 [241]Destroy the idol Yaguth[258] and to secure the allegiance of the Banu Daws tribe to Isam so they can lend him catapults to use in the Siege of Taif[259]
79Battle of Autas630 [260]Defend against an attack by a league of tribes that formed an alliance to attack him. Washington Irving claims that the tribes were hostile to Muhammad and wanted to attack him because he was spreading Islam by the sword, and because the tribes feared Muhammad would attack them anyway for vengeance[261]
  • Enemy defeated, many killed by Muslims[258][262]
80Expedition of Abu Amir Al-AshariJanuary 630 [84]Chase the enemies who fled from the Battle of Hunayn[264]
  • Muslims: 1 Killed
  • Non-Muslims: 9 Killed[265]
81Expedition of Abu Musa Al-AshariJanuary 630 [84]Chase the enemies who fled from the Battle of Hunayn[264]
  • At least 1 killed,[266] men, women and children taken captives by Muslims[267]
82Siege of Ta'ifJanuary 630 [268]Attack enemies who fled from the Battle of Hunayn and sought refuge in the fortress of Taif[256]
  • Muslims: 12 killed[269]
  • Non-Muslims: Unknown
83Expedition of Uyainah bin HisnApril 630 [271]Attack the Muslim tribe of Banu Tamim for refusing to pay tax (Zakat)[272]
  • 11 men, 21 women and 30 boys, captured by Muslims[273]
84Expedition of Qutbah ibn AmirMay 630 [277]Attack the Banu Khatham tribe to capture booty[273][278]
  • Muslims: many wounded, some killed
  • Non-Muslims: many wounded, some killed, some women captured[273]
85Expedition of Dahhak al-KilabiJune 630 [279]To call the Banu Kilab tribe to embrace Islam[273]
  • 1 killed by Muslims[273]
86Expedition of Alqammah bin MujazzizJuly 630 [281]Attack a group of Abyssinians (Ethiopians) who Muhammad suspected were pirates[273][282][283]
  • None, Ethiopians flee[282]
87Third Expedition of Dhu QaradJuly 630 [282]Muhammad sent him to take revenge for the killing of the son of Abu Dhar Ghifari at al-Ghaba[282][284]
88Expedition of Ali ibn Abi TalibJuly 630 [286]Destroy al-Qullus, an idol worshipped by pagans[287]
  • Many men, women and children taken captive by Muslims[288][287]
89Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan (Udhrah and Baliy)July 630 [290]Attack the tribes of Udhrah and Baliy, no further details[290][291]
  • Unknown
90Battle of TaboukOctober 630 [290]Attack the Byzantine empire. Mubarakpuri claims, reason was revenge for the killing of 1 of Muhammad's ambassadors by a Christian chief of al-Balaqa, which led to the Battle of Mutah. Mubrakpuri claims this was the reason for the Battle of Tabouk also, and that there was a rumour Heraclius was preparing an attack on Muslims.[292] William Muir claims Heraclius wanted to prevent the recurrence of Muslim attacks such as the Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan against the Banu Udrah tribe.[293] A tribe that was aligned to the Byzantine Empire[294]
  • None, no enemies met[292]
91Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Dumatul Jandal)October 630 [290]Attack the Christian prince of Duma.[297]
  • 1 killed, 2 taken captive[298]
92Expedition of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb630 [300]To demolish the idol al-Lat[301]
  • Unknown
93Demolition of Masjid al-Dirar630 [304]Demolish a mosque for promoting opposition[297]
  • None (speculation that people may have been burnt[305])
94Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (2nd Dumatul Jandal)April 631 [308][309]Demolish an idol called Wadd,[309][310] worshipped by the Banu Kilab tribe[311]
  • Banu Abd-Wadd and Banu Amir al-Ajdar tribe members killed by Muslims[308][309]
95Expedition of Surad ibn AbdullahApril 631 [313][314]Ordered Surad ibn Abdullah (new convert) to war against the non-Muslim tribes in his neighbourhood[313]
  • Heavy casualties, people of Jurash killed[315]
96Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Najran)June 631 [290]Call on the people of Najran to embrace Islam or fight the Muslims[316]
  • None, Banu Harith tribe surrenders and converts to Islam[316]
97Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib (Mudhij)December 631 [290]Attack the Banu Nakhla tribe to reduce them to submission[320]
  • 20 killed by Muslims.[320]
98Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib (Hamdan)631 [290]To call the people of Hamdan to embrace Islam[322]
99Demolition of Dhul KhalasaApril 632 [313]Demolish the Temple of Dhul Khalasa worshipped by the Bajila and Khatham tribes[324]
100Expedition of Usama bin ZaydMay 632 [327]Invade Palestine and attack Moab and Darum[328]
  • Local population "slaughtered" by Muslims, "destroying, burning and taking as many captives as they could"[328]

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